销售合同 sales contract 格式合同 model contract 意向协议书 agreement of intent 意向书 letter of intent 空白格式 blank form 授权书 power of attorney 换文 exchange of letter 备忘录 memorandum 合同条款 contract terms 免责条款 escape clause 原文 original text 译文 version 措辞 wording正本 original 副本 copy附录 attachment 附件 appendix 会签 to counter-sign 违反合同 breach of contract修 改合同 amendment of contract 撤销合同 cancellation of contract 合同的续订 renewal of contract 合同的解释 interpretation of contact 合同到期 expiration of contract 起草合同 to draft a contract 做出合同 to work out a contract 谈妥合同 to fix up a contract 签订合同 to sign a contract 缔结合同 to conclude a contract 草签合同 to initial a contract 废除合同 to annul a contract 执行合同 to perform a contract 严格遵守合同条款 to keep strictly to the terms of the contract 一式二份 in duplicate 一式三份 in triplicate 一式四份 in quadruplicate
品质优良 excellent quality(high quality) 质量上乘 superior quality 质量稳定 stable quality 质量可靠 reliable quality 品种繁多 wide varieties 规格齐全 complete in specifications 保质保量 quality and quantity assured 性能可靠 dependable performance 操作简便 easy and simple to handle 使用方便 easy to use 经久耐用 durable in use 以质优而闻名 well-known for its fine quality 数量之首 The king of quantity 质量最佳 The queen of quality 信誉可靠 reliable reputation 闻名世界 world-wide renown 久负盛名 to have a long standing reputation 誉满中外 to enjoy high reputation at home and abroad 历史悠久 to have a long history 畅销全球 selling well all over the world 深受欢迎 to win warm praise from customers
产品工艺方面的英语术语：
制作精巧 skillful manufacture 工艺精良 sophisticated technology 最新工艺 latest technology 加工精细 finely processed 设计精巧 deft design 造型新颖 modern design 造型优美 beautiful design 设计合理 professional design 造型富丽华贵 luxuriant in design 结构合理 rational construction 款式新颖 attractive design 款式齐全 various styles 式样优雅 elegant shape 花色入时 fashionable patterns 任君选择 for your selection
产品色泽方面的英语术语：
五彩缤纷 colorful 色彩艳丽 beautiful in colors 色泽光润 color brilliancy 色泽素雅 delicate colors 瑰丽多彩 pretty and colorful 洁白透明 pure white and translucence 洁白纯正 pure whiteness
The illustration shows a husband unjustly accusing his wife, and it has all the dignity and grace we connect with Chinese art. It is as clear in its gestures and arrangement as one might expect from a picture which also aims at driving home a lesson. It shows, moreover, that the Chinese artist had mastered the difficult art of representing movement. There is nothing rigid in this early Chinese work, because the predilection for undulating lines imparts a sense of movement to the whole picture.
本页面的附图，画着一个丈夫无端地责怪他的妻子，此画卷具有我们所称道的中国艺术的全部高贵和优雅之处。画中的姿势和布置十分清楚，人们对一幅阐明事理的图画所可期待的能事已尽。此外，它也表明当时的中国艺术家已经掌握了表现运动的复杂技艺。这幅中国早期作品中丝毫没有生硬之处，因为画中特别喜欢使用起伏的线条，这就赋予了整个画面一种运动感。 ]]>http://www.waimao-abc.cn/default.asp?id=823<![CDATA[The science of love 爱情的科学]]>adminhttp://www.waimao-abc.cn/hcx504@gmaill.com2011-09-01T14:48:28+08:002011-09-01T14:48:28+08:00 Scientists are finding that, after all, love really is down to a chemical addiction between people
科学家们发现爱情确实是人与人之间的一种化学成瘾现象。
OVER the course of history it has been artists, poets and playwrights who have made the greatest progress in humanity's understanding of love. Romance has seemed as inexplicable as the beauty of a rainbow. But these days scientists are challenging that notion, and they have rather a lot to say about how and why people love each other.
Is this useful? The scientists think so. For a start, understanding the neurochemical pathways that regulate social attachments may help to deal with defects in people's ability to form relationships. All relationships, whether they are those of parents with their children, spouses with their partners, or workers with their colleagues, rely on an ability to create and maintain social ties. Defects can be disabling, and become apparent as disorders such as autism and schizophrenia—and, indeed, as the serious depression that can result from rejection in love. Research is also shedding light on some of the more extreme forms of sexual behaviour. And, controversially, some utopian fringe groups see such work as the doorway to a future where love is guaranteed because it will be provided chemically, or even genetically engineered from conception.
The scientific tale of love begins innocently enough, with voles. The prairie vole is a sociable creature, one of the only 3% of mammal species that appear to form monogamous relationships. Mating between prairie voles is a tremendous 24-hour effort. After this, they bond for life. They prefer to spend time with each other, groom each other for hours on end and nest together. They avoid meeting other potential mates. The male becomes an aggressive guard of the female. And when their pups are born, they become affectionate and attentive parents. However, another vole, a close relative called the montane vole, has no interest in partnership beyond one-night-stand sex. What is intriguing is that these vast differences in behaviour are the result of a mere handful of genes. The two vole species are more than 99% alike, genetically.
The details of what is going on—the vole story, as it were—is a fascinating one. When prairie voles have sex, two hormones called oxytocin and vasopressin are released. If the release of these hormones is blocked, prairie-voles' sex becomes a fleeting affair, like that normally enjoyed by their rakish montane cousins. Conversely, if prairie voles are given an injection of the hormones, but prevented from having sex, they will still form a preference for their chosen partner. In other words, researchers can make prairie voles fall in love—or whatever the vole equivalent of this is—with an injection.
A clue to what is happening—and how these results might bear on the human condition—was found when this magic juice was given to the montane vole: it made no difference. It turns out that the faithful prairie vole has receptors for oxytocin and vasopressin in brain regions associated with reward and reinforcement, whereas the montane vole does not. The question is, do humans (another species in the 3% of allegedly monogamous mammals) have brains similar to prairie voles?
To answer that question you need to dig a little deeper. As Larry Young, a researcher into social attachment at Emory University, in Atlanta, Georgia, explains, the brain has a reward system designed to make voles (and people and other animals) do what they ought to. Without it, they might forget to eat, drink and have sex—with disastrous results. That animals continue to do these things is because they make them feel good. And they feel good because of the release of a chemical called dopamine into the brain. Sure enough, when a female prairie vole mates, there is a 50% increase in the level of dopamine in the reward centre of her brain.
Similarly, when a male rat has sex it feels good to him because of the dopamine. He learns that sex is enjoyable, and seeks out more of it based on how it happened the first time. But, in contrast to the prairie vole, at no time do rats learn to associate sex with a particular female. Rats are not monogamous.
This is where the vasopressin and oxytocin come in. They are involved in parts of the brain that help to pick out the salient features used to identify individuals. If the gene for oxytocin is knocked out of a mouse before birth, that mouse will become a social amnesiac and have no memory of the other mice it meets. The same is true if the vasopressin gene is knocked out.
The salient feature in this case is odour. Rats, mice and voles recognise each other by smell. Christie Fowler and her colleagues at Florida State University have found that exposure to the opposite sex generates new nerve cells in the brains of prairie voles—in particular in areas important to olfactory memory. Could it be that prairie voles form an olfactory “image” of their partners—the rodent equivalent of remembering a personality—and this becomes linked with pleasure?
Dr Young and his colleagues suggest this idea in an article published last month in the Journal of Comparative Neurology. They argue that prairie voles become addicted to each other through a process of sexual imprinting mediated by odour. Furthermore, they suggest that the reward mechanism involved in this addiction has probably evolved in a similar way in other monogamous animals, humans included, to regulate pair-bonding in them as well.
Sex stimulates the release of vasopressin and oxytocin in people, as well as voles, though the role of these hormones in the human brain is not yet well understood. But while it is unlikely that people have a mental, smell-based map of their partners in the way that voles do, there are strong hints that the hormone pair have something to reveal about the nature of human love: among those of Man's fellow primates that have been studied, monogamous marmosets have higher levels of vasopressin bound in the reward centres of their brains than do non-monogamous rhesus macaques.
Other approaches are also shedding light on the question. In 2000, Andreas Bartels and Semir Zeki of University College, London, located the areas of the brain activated by romantic love. They took students who said they were madly in love, put them into a brain scanner, and looked at their patterns of brain activity.
The results were surprising. For a start, a relatively small area of the human brain is active in love, compared with that involved in, say, ordinary friendship. “It is fascinating to reflect”, the pair conclude, “that the face that launched a thousand ships should have done so through such a limited expanse of cortex.” The second surprise was that the brain areas active in love are different from the areas activated in other emotional states, such as fear and anger. Parts of the brain that are love-bitten include the one responsible for gut feelings, and the ones which generate the euphoria induced by drugs such as cocaine. So the brains of people deeply in love do not look like those of people experiencing strong emotions, but instead like those of people snorting coke. Love, in other words, uses the neural mechanisms that are activated during the process of addiction. “We are literally addicted to love,” Dr Young observes. Like the prairie voles.
It seems possible, then, that animals which form strong social bonds do so because of the location of their receptors for vasopressin and oxytocin. Evolution acts on the distribution of these receptors to generate social or non-social versions of a vole. The more receptors located in regions associated with reward, the more rewarding social interactions become. Social groups, and society itself, rely ultimately on these receptors. But for evolution to be able to act, there must be individual variation between mice, and between men. And this has interesting implications.
Last year, Steven Phelps, who works at Emory with Dr Young, found great diversity in the distribution of vasopressin receptors between individual prairie voles. He suggests that this variation contributes to individual differences in social behaviour—in other words, some voles will be more faithful than others. Meanwhile, Dr Young says that he and his colleagues have found a lot of variation in the vasopressin-receptor gene in humans. “We may be able to do things like look at their gene sequence, look at their promoter sequence, to genotype people and correlate that with their fidelity,” he muses.
It has already proved possible to tinker with this genetic inheritance, with startling results. Scientists can increase the expression of the relevant receptors in prairie voles, and thus strengthen the animals' ability to attach to partners. And in 1999, Dr Young led a team that took the prairie-vole receptor gene and inserted it into an ordinary (and therefore promiscuous) mouse. The transgenic mouse thus created was much more sociable to its mate.
Scanning the brains of people in love is also helping to refine science's grasp of love's various forms. Helen Fisher, a researcher at Rutgers University, and the author of a new book on love*, suggests it comes in three flavours: lust, romantic love and long-term attachment. There is some overlap but, in essence, these are separate phenomena, with their own emotional and motivational systems, and accompanying chemicals. These systems have evolved to enable, respectively, mating, pair-bonding and parenting.
Lust, of course, involves a craving for sex. Jim Pfaus, a psychologist at Concordia University, in Montreal, says the aftermath of lustful sex is similar to the state induced by taking opiates. A heady mix of chemical changes occurs, including increases in the levels of serotonin, oxytocin, vasopressin and endogenous opioids (the body's natural equivalent of heroin). “This may serve many functions, to relax the body, induce pleasure and satiety, and perhaps induce bonding to the very features that one has just experienced all this with”, says Dr Pfaus.
Then there is attraction, or the state of being in love (what is sometimes known as romantic or obsessive love). This is a refinement of mere lust that allows people to home in on a particular mate. This state is characterised by feelings of exhilaration, and intrusive, obsessive thoughts about the object of one's affection. Some researchers suggest this mental state might share neurochemical characteristics with the manic phase of manic depression. Dr Fisher's work, however, suggests that the actual behavioural patterns of those in love—such as attempting to evoke reciprocal responses in one's loved one—resemble obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).
That raises the question of whether it is possible to “treat” this romantic state clinically, as can be done with OCD. The parents of any love-besotted teenager might want to know the answer to that. Dr Fisher suggests it might, indeed, be possible to inhibit feelings of romantic love, but only at its early stages. OCD is characterised by low levels of a chemical called serotonin. Drugs such as Prozac work by keeping serotonin hanging around in the brain for longer than normal, so they might stave off romantic feelings. (This also means that people taking anti-depressants may be jeopardising their ability to fall in love.) But once romantic love begins in earnest, it is one of the strongest drives on Earth. Dr Fisher says it seems to be more powerful than hunger. A little serotonin would be unlikely to stifle it.
Wonderful though it is, romantic love is unstable—not a good basis for child-rearing. But the final stage of love, long-term attachment, allows parents to co-operate in raising children. This state, says Dr Fisher, is characterised by feelings of calm, security, social comfort and emotional union.
Because they are independent, these three systems can work simultaneously—with dangerous results. As Dr Fisher explains, “you can feel deep attachment for a long-term spouse, while you feel romantic love for someone else, while you feel the sex drive in situations unrelated to either partner.” This independence means it is possible to love more than one person at a time, a situation that leads to jealousy, adultery and divorce—though also to the possibilities of promiscuity and polygamy, with the likelihood of extra children, and thus a bigger stake in the genetic future, that those behaviours bring. As Dr Fisher observes, “We were not built to be happy but to reproduce.”
The stages of love vary somewhat between the sexes. Lust, for example, is aroused more easily in men by visual stimuli than is the case for women. This is probably why visual pornography is more popular with men. And although both men and women express romantic love with the same intensity, and are attracted to partners who are dependable, kind, healthy, smart and educated, there are some notable differences in their choices. Men are more attracted to youth and beauty, while women are more attracted to money, education and position. When an older, ugly man is seen walking down the road arm-in-arm with a young and beautiful woman, most people assume the man is rich or powerful.
Of course, love is about more than just genes. Cultural and social factors, and learning, play big roles. Who and how a person has loved in the past are important determinants of his (or her) capacity to fall in love at any given moment in the future. This is because animals—people included—learn from their sexual and social experiences. Arousal comes naturally. But long-term success in mating requires a change from being naive about this state to knowing the precise factors that lead from arousal to the rewards of sex, love and attachment. For some humans, this may involve flowers, chocolate and sweet words. But these things are learnt.
If humans become conditioned by their experiences, this may be the reason why some people tend to date the same “type” of partner over and over again. Researchers think humans develop a “love map” as they grow up—a blueprint that contains the many things that they have learnt are attractive. This inner scorecard is something that people use to rate the suitability of mates. Yet the idea that humans are actually born with a particular type of “soul mate” wired into their desires is wrong. Research on the choices of partner made by identical twins suggests that the development of love maps takes time, and has a strong random component.
Work on rats is leading researchers such as Dr Pfaus to wonder whether the template of features found attractive by an individual is formed during a critical period of sexual-behaviour development. He says that even in animals that are not supposed to pair-bond, such as rats, these features may get fixed with the experience of sexual reward. Rats can be conditioned to prefer particular types of partner—for example by pairing sexual reward with some kind of cue, such as lemon-scented members of the opposite sex. This work may help the understanding of unusual sexual preferences. Human fetishes, for example, develop early, and are almost impossible to change. The fetishist connects objects such as feet, shoes, stuffed toys and even balloons, that have a visual association with childhood sexual experiences, to sexual gratification.
So love, in all its glory, is just, it seems, a chemical state with genetic roots and environmental influences. But all this work leads to other questions. If scientists can make a more sociable mouse, might it be possible to create a more sociable human? And what about a more loving one? A few people even think that “paradise-engineering”, dedicated to abolishing the “biological substrates of human suffering”, is rather a good idea.
Progress in predicting the outcome of relationships, and information about the genetic roots of fidelity, might also make proposing marriage more like a job application—with associated medical, genetic and psychological checks. If it were reliable enough, would insurers cover you for divorce? And as brain scanners become cheaper and more widely available, they might go from being research tools to something that anyone could use to find out how well they were loved. Will the future bring answers to questions such as: Does your partner really love you? Is your husband lusting after the au pair?
And then there are drugs. Despite Dr Fisher's reservations, might they also help people to fall in love, or perhaps fix broken relationships? Probably not. Dr Pfaus says that drugs may enhance portions of the “love experience” but fall short of doing the whole job because of their specificity. And if a couple fall out of love, drugs are unlikely to help either. Dr Fisher does not believe that the brain could overlook distaste for someone—even if a couple in trouble could inject themselves with huge amounts of dopamine.
However, she does think that administering serotonin can help someone get over a bad love affair faster. She also suggests it is possible to trick the brain into feeling romantic love in a long-term relationship by doing novel things with your partner. Any arousing activity drives up the level of dopamine and can therefore trigger feelings of romance as a side effect. This is why holidays can rekindle passion. Romantics, of course, have always known that love is a special sort of chemistry. Scientists are now beginning to show how true this is.
然而，她确实认为调控血液复合胺(5羟色氨)水平能更快地帮助人走出恋爱的低谷。她同时建议和你的伴侣做一些新鲜事，这样可能哄骗大脑在长期两性关系中依然能感觉到爱情的甜美。任何唤醒活动都会提高多巴胺的水平而引发浪漫的感受。这就是为什么假日能重新点燃激情的原因所在。当然，爱情浪漫主义者总是认为爱情是一种特殊的化学，而正是科学家们，现在开始展示出了这一看法是如何的千真万确。]]>http://www.waimao-abc.cn/default.asp?id=822<![CDATA[英语经典语录收集(二)]]>adminhttp://www.waimao-abc.cn/hcx504@gmaill.com2011-08-26T05:38:23+08:002011-08-26T05:38:23+08:00 To see a world in a grain of sand, And a heaven in a wild fllower, Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, And eternity in an hour (A Grain of Sand 一粒沙子 William Blake/威廉.布莱克) —— 从一粒沙子看到一个世界， 从一朵野花看到一个天堂， 把握在你手心里的就是无限， 永恒也就消融于一个时辰。
Sometimes the most urgent and vital thing you can possibly do is take a complete rest. 有时候你能做的最紧急重要的事情就是彻底休息。——Ashleigh Brilliant
"It takes a minute to have a crush on someone, an hour to like someone and a day to love someone. But it takes a lifetime to forget someone." 对一个人有感觉需要一分钟，喜欢一个人需要一小时，爱上一个人需要一天；但是，忘记一个人却要用上一辈子．
"There are things you love to hear butyou wouldnever hearit from the person whom you would like to hear tfrom,but don't be deaf to hear it fromthepersonwhosaysitwithhisheart." 有些说话我们很想听到但这些说话却永远不会出自我们期待的人囗中然而由衷地说出这些说话的人我们不能装作听不见
"When one door of happiness closes, another opens but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which has been opened for us." 当一道快乐之门关上了，另一道门会随之打开．但是，我们常常眷恋着那道关上了的门，而看不见另一道门已经打开了．
"There are moments in life when you really miss someone that you want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real. Hope you dream of that someone. 人总有思念别人的时候，你渴望他在你梦境里出现，与你实实在在的拥抱！希望你能梦见这个人．
"Always put yourself in others shoes. If you feel that it hurts you, it probably does hurt the person, too." 要常常设身处地为别人着想．当你觉得这样会使自己受到伤害，对方可能早已经受伤了
Don'tgoforlooks it candeceive;don'tgoforwealth,eventhatfadesaway, gofor someonewhomakes you smile cozonly a smilemakes adarkday seembright. Hopeyoufind thatperson不要追求伪善的面的面孔不要追求荣华富贵这些东西有逍逝的一天追求能令你微笑的人一个笑靥能驱走阴霾带来阳光希望能找到这个人
"Love starts with a smile, develops with a kiss and ends with a tear." 爱情因一个微笑而发生，因一吻而滋长，最後因一滴眼泪而终结．
"It's true that we don't know that what we've got until we lose it, but it's also true that we don't know what we've been missing until it arrives." 我们往往在失去时才明白自己拥有的东西曾经多麽美好；然而，同样的真理是：当我们能够拥有一样东西时，我们才明白从前失去一些甚麽
"The brightest future will always be based on a forgotten past, you can't go on well in life until you let go of your past failures and heartaches." 人若没法忘记对过去的失败和痛苦，便不能活得精采．一个美好的未来永远在於你能否忘记过去
"The happiest of people don't necessarily have the best of everything, they just make the most of everything that comes along their way." 世上最快乐的人未必拥有最好的东西，他们只是随心所欲，使身边的一切跟随自己的意愿．
"Never say goodbye when you still want to try, never give up when you still feel you can take it, never say you don't love that person anymore when you can't let go." 当你仍想继续，永远不要说再见．当你仍然能够接受，永远不要说放弃．当你舍不得他，永远不要说你不再爱他
"Dream what you want to dreams, go where you want to go, be what you want to be coz you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want in life." 梦想你的梦想；到你想到的地方；做你想做的自己吧！ 因为你只能活一次
"The best kind a friend is the one you could sit on a porch, swing with, never say a word, and then walk away feeling like that was the best conversation you've had." 世上最好的朋友是可以默默地陪着你，甚麽也不用说．然而，当他 离开时，你却会怀念和他一起的时光。
If you want a happy life, tie it to a goal, not to people or things。 如果你想过得快乐，把生活跟目标联系在一起，而不是跟某个人或某些事。
"A careless word may kindle strife; a cruel word may wreck a life, a timely word may level stress, a loving word may heal and bless一句无心之失可以触发争端，一句狠心话可以摧毁一生；一句适当的说话可以减轻压力，一句情话可以替人疗伤，抚慰心灵。
A careless word may kindle strife；a cruel word may wreck a life；a timely word may level stress；a loving word may heal and bless.无心快语可能引发争执，无情之词可能折损生命，适时温语可能消弭压力，而关爱之声可能治愈心灵。
The worst way to miss someone is to be sitting right beside them knowing you can‘t have them. 失去某人，最糟糕的莫过于，他近在身旁，却犹如远在天边。
No one indebted for others,while many people don't know how to cherish others. 没有谁对不起谁，只有谁不懂得珍惜谁。
don‘t try to hard,the best things come when you least expect them to 不要着急，最好的总会在最不经意的时候出现。
I'll think of you every step of the way. 我会想你，在漫漫长路的每一步。
Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you. 无论你身在何处，无论你为何忙碌，我都会在此守候。
Life is the flower for which love is the honey. 生命如花，爱情是蜜。
Men love from overlooking while women love from looking up. If love is a mountain, then if men go up, more women they will see while women will see fewer men男人的爱是俯视而生，而女人的爱是仰视而生。如果爱情像座山，男人越往上可以俯视的女人就越多，女人越往上可以仰视的男人就越少。
What is a man's first duty? The answer is brief:to be himself!——一个人的首要职责是做什么？很简单：做自己。 ]]>http://www.waimao-abc.cn/default.asp?id=821<![CDATA[上班一族如何安排英语学习]]>adminhttp://www.waimao-abc.cn/hcx504@gmaill.com2011-08-10T16:39:43+08:002011-08-10T16:39:43+08:00 每天学多少合适？
当然如果你的工作还不算太忙，就更加建议你去报考一门英语证书，比如偏重翻译英语方向的中、高级口译证书；或是BEC也有自己的初、中、高级证书等等。备考复习的过程，其实就是将学到的知识强化的过程。 ]]>http://www.waimao-abc.cn/default.asp?id=820<![CDATA[科学研究：开放式办公弊大于利]]>adminhttp://www.waimao-abc.cn/hcx504@gmaill.com2011-08-10T16:28:58+08:002011-08-10T16:28:58+08:00 Open plan offices were introduced in the 1950s to improve communication between colleagues. But scientists now claim they may be doing more harm than good。
The findings were revealed in The Secret Life of Buildings, a Channel 4 show which aired last night。
In the programme, presenter Tom Dyckhoff wore a cap which measured brainwaves while he attempted to work in a busy office. The results revealed that intense bursts of interruption 。
Dr. Jack Lewis, a neuroscientist who carried out the test, said: "If you are just getting into some work and a phone goes off in the back ground it ruins what you are concentrating on. Even though you are not aware at the time, the brain responds to distractions."
The show also found that workers who were not allowed to add personal touches to desks and walls were less productive。
Dr Craig Knight, a psychologist at Exeter University, said: "If employees have been allowed to enrich the space themselves with their own things it can increase their wellbeing by 32 percent and their productivity by 15 percent."
He explained:"It is because they are able to engage with their surroundings, feel more comfortable and so concentrate."
Last year, University College London surveyed 20,000 UK professionals about their happiness with their office environment。
They found that 56 percent complained of lack of privacy, 55 percent about poor temperature and 60 percent about lack of quiet space. One in three was concerned about lack of daylight and noise levels. Many said they were “crammed” into their offices and felt like “battery hens” which, researchers said, could make them paranoid。
Other studies show that open plan offices could cause workers' ill health. It may raise employees' blood pressure and lead to stress, exhaustion and flu。
